JavaScript

在前端开发中,经常会涉及与后端之间的图片传输,通常情况下可以转码base64,来进行图片上传,也可以通过img标签的src属性展示base64编码格式储存的图片

base64 将 A-Z(ascii 65 – 90) 、a-z(ascii 97 – 122)、0-9(ascii 48 – 57)、+、/ 组成的有序数组作为标准的Base64协议规定

  • 生成base64数组
var base64Array = [];
for (var i = 65; i < 91; i++) {
    base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for (var i = 97; i < 123; i++) {
    base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
for (var i = 48; i < 58; i++) {
    base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
}
base64Array.push("+", "/");

一个英文字符占一个字节,一个字节由8位组成

将字符串按每三个字节分成若干组

将每组的24位按照每6位一组分成4组

每组6位,前两位用0补齐形成,4组每组8位,共32位

再将每组的8位2进制转换成10进制,在base64数组中找到对应的值输出

btoa:

function () {
    window.myBtoA = function (testString) {
        var base64Array = [];
        for (var i = 65; i < 91; i++) {
            base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
        }
        for (var i = 97; i < 123; i++) {
            base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
        }
        for (var i = 48; i < 58; i++) {
            base64Array.push(String.fromCharCode(i));
        }
        base64Array.push("+", "/");
        var bits = [];
        var newbits = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < testString.length; i++) {
            for (var j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                bits.push(((testString[i].charCodeAt() >> (7 - j)) & 1));
            }
        }
        while (bits.length) {
            var bit = [0, 0, ...bits.splice(0, 6)];
            if (bit.length !== 8) {
                bit.push(...(new Array(8 - bit.length).fill(0)));
            }
            newbits.push(bit);
        }
        var result = "";
        for (var i of newbits) {
            result += (base64Array[parseInt(i.toString().replace(/,/g, ""), 2)]);
        }
        if (testString.length % 3 === 1) {
            result += "==";
        }
        if (testString.length % 3 === 2) {
            result += "=";
        }
        return result;
    };
})();

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